One thing to note, is that for most examples, we will try to use the letter  ب  ,the letter ج , and the letter ز because it will be easier to keep track of everything.

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1. Now, the sound of Fathah goes upwards. So when  ب  has a Fathah on it,  ب   will become  بَ  . Now we take the sound that the letter makes (in this case it's the "B" sound), and add a quick upwards sound. So this means that the letter "Baa" creates the sound "Ba". "Jeem" becomes "Ja" , and "Zaa" becomes "Za" . After some practice, it will become second nature. 

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2. Also it's important to remember that words with Fathah, Dhammah, and Kasrah should never be stretched, rather, they should be read fairly quick.

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3. Whenever Alif has a Harakah on it, it will be called Hamza, not Alif.