In Arabic, there are 3 different Harakah (compare them to short vowels). A letter which has Harkah on it is called a "Mutaharrik". Depending on where you are from, you may have heard different names for them. However, we are going to call them based on how the Arabic language dictates.

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Fathah(Zabar): Makes the upwards sounds, example: "up" بَ

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Kasrah(Zer): Makes a negative sound, ex: "Lee" بِ

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Dammah(Pesh): Makes a sound that is between both, ex: "boo" بُ

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Sakin(Sukoon): Connects the previous letter with the letter

                            which has Sakin on it. اَبْ